Calculators·Optics & depth of field

Magnification ratio from focus distance.

Calculate the magnification ratio precisely from the focus distance set on your lens – using the full optical formulas instead of rough approximations.

Delivers subject distance, image distance, magnification and exposure factor in one go – perfect for macro and close-up planning.

  • Subject + image distance
  • Exposure factor
  • All lenses
  • Scientific

Magnification Calculator

Calculate the magnification ratio based on the focus distance setting

Input Parameters

Minimum distance: 0.20m at 50mm

Calculation Basis:

  • Based on the focus distance setting on the lens
  • Takes into account the optical laws of the lens equation
  • Automatic exposure compensation calculation
  • Accurate for all lens types

Calculation Results

Important Notes:

  • Based on the focus distance setting on the lens
  • Considers physical optics laws
  • For close-ups, the image distance changes
  • TTL metering compensates automatically
  • Practical values may differ slightly
Fundamentals

Magnification ratio and focus distance.

The magnification ratio shows how large a subject is rendered on the sensor relative to its real size. It depends directly on focus distance and focal length.

Three distances

What distance really means.

The focus distance set on the lens is not identical to the real subject distance. The calculator derives the real distance using the lens equation:

  • Focus distance: value shown on the lens
  • Subject distance: real distance to the subject
  • Image distance: lens to sensor/film
Practice & exposure

What the calculator helps with.

  • Determine the exact magnification ratio
  • Calculate exposure correction
  • Plan macro shots
  • Understand the optical relationships
  • Focus precisely in close-up work

In close-ups the image distance grows, which lets less light reach the sensor. The extension factor is calculated as (1 + M)².

Optical formulas

Four formulas, one consistent picture.

The calculator combines four standard equations of geometric optics – so subject distance, image distance, magnification and exposure factor all line up.

s = (u/2) + √((u/2)² − f × u)
s = subject distance, u = focus distance, f = focal length
M = f ÷ (s − f)
M = magnification, f = focal length, s = subject distance
s' = (s × f) ÷ (s − f)
s' = image distance (lens to sensor)
Factor = (1 + M)²
At 1:1 magnification = factor 4 (equivalent to 2 stops)
Reference

Magnification scale and categories.

A cheat sheet from wide-angle photography to extreme macro – including exposure factors for quick judgement.

MagnificationRatioCategoryExposure factor
0.05×1:20Normal / wide-angle1.1× (+0.1 stops)
0.25×1:4Close-up1.6× (+0.7 stops)
0.5×1:2Near-macro2.3× (+1.2 stops)
1.0×1:1Macro photography4.0× (+2.0 stops)
2.0×2:1Extreme macro9.0× (+3.2 stops)
Pro tips

Five pointers for magnification photography.

Precise focusing
At high magnifications depth of field is minimal. Use live view and magnification for precise focusing, or work with focus stacking.
Tripod is essential
Even slight camera movement becomes very visible at high magnifications. A stable tripod is strongly recommended from 0.2× magnification onwards.
Understand exposure
Modern TTL metering compensates automatically. With manual exposure or flash photography you have to factor the exposure correction in yourself.
Optimal aperture
For macro shots f/8 to f/11 is usually optimal. Smaller apertures introduce diffraction blur, larger ones give too little depth of field.
Plan working distance
The calculated subject distance helps with lighting planning. Very short distances call for specialised lighting equipment.
FAQ

Answers to common questions.

From tool to skill

Solid photography knowledge.

Calculators give you the number. On the blog and in 1:1 coaching I turn theory into results you can see in your images.

Fotograf, Martin Fernando Mera Kleinheinz · Franz-Bork-Straße 21, 30163 Hannover · 0179 4085397